What about nested classes in C++?

Lecture 5 - Slide 12 : 40

Classes can be nested in C++

Similar to inner static classes in Java

No consequences for the nesting of instances of the involved classes

"A member of a nested class can refer to types and static members of its enclosing class"
- "It can only refer to non-static members when it is given an object of the enclosing class to refer to"
  - Page 469 The C++ Prog. Lang. (4. edition)
"A nested class has access to members of its enclosing class, even to private members"
- "but has no notion of a current object of the enclosing class"
- Page 469 The C++ Prog. Lang. (4. edition)
If an instance i of Inner needs access to the instance o of Outer, o must passed as a parameter to the constructor of Inner, or to an Innner method

Class Outer that contains class Inner - does not compile.

Class Outer that contains class Inner - friends of each other.

Related examples below - study as an exercise

A variant where class Inner is private in Outer - does not compile.

Inner attempts to access to non-static variable in Outer - does not compile.

Problems solved - This program compiles.

Study the examples of nested classes